B2 Grammar lessons cover the rules, patterns, and structures you need at the B2 Upper Intermediate level. Each lesson explains a grammar point with clear examples, common mistakes to avoid, and practice opportunities. Topics are ordered to build on each other so you can work through them step by step.
Quick Answer A pun is a joke that plays with words. It works because one word has two meanings, or because two words sound the same. For example: “I used to be a baker because I kneaded dough” — “kneaded” sounds like “needed.” What Is a Pun? See How It Works A pun makes you…
Quick Answer A portmanteau is a word made by mixing parts of two words together. The new word has a meaning from both words. br(eakfast) + (l)unch = brunch (a late morning meal) Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch — See How Portmanteaus Work Look at these words. Can you see how they are made? Did…
Quick Answer Hyperbole is when you exaggerate on purpose to make a strong point. It is not meant to be true — it is meant to show how you feel. Example: “I am so hungry I could eat a horse.” (You are not really going to eat a horse. You are just very hungry.) What…
Quick Answer A cliché is a phrase or idea that people have used so many times that it is not interesting or original anymore. For example: “Everything happens for a reason.” Common Clichés — You Have Heard All of These Before Look at these phrases. You probably know every single one: Did you notice? You…
The simple present describes regular or habitual actions, such as daily routines or universal truths. The present continuous tense is employed to express actions currently in progress or future planned events. The present perfect tense helps to bridge the past with the present, referring to actions that have been completed at an indefinite time. Lastly,…
Quick Answer Verb tenses tell you when something happens. There are three main tenses: past (it already happened), present (it is happening now), and future (it will happen later). For example: “She walked” is past, “She walks” is present, and “She will walk” is future. Past, Present, and Future — See the Pattern Look at…
Throughout literature and media, verbal irony serves a variety of functions, from highlighting a character’s wit to foreshadowing future events or creating tension. A classic example can be found in Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” when Juliet tells her mother that she would rather marry Romeo, whom she ‘hates’, than Paris—while, in truth, she is already…
Quick Answer There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic. Irony means that something is different from what you expected. Verbal: You say the opposite of what you mean. Situational: The result is the opposite of what you expected. Dramatic: The audience knows something the character does not. Verbal, Situational, and Dramatic —…
Understanding situational irony requires a recognition of the gap between expectation and reality. When actions have an effect that is the complete opposite from what was intended, it’s not just surprise that is created; it’s a deeper form of irony that can challenge our understanding of how stories unfold or how life works. It can…
An understanding of commonly confused words is invaluable for anyone looking to master English grammar and usage. It helps avoid common mistakes that can alter the meaning of a statement or render it unclear. This article takes a closer look at some of the most commonly confused words in English, providing insights into their correct…
